In some ways, Java was the key language for machine learning and AI before Python stole its crown. Important pieces of the data science ecosystem, like Apache Spark, started out in the Java universe.

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Rachel Wells is a writer who covers leadership, AI, and upskilling. If you're looking for a job that pays six figures, is always ...

Overview:  Reinforcement learning in 2025 is more practical than ever, with Python libraries evolving to support real-world simulations, robotics, and deci ...

Overview Python bootcamps in 2026 will focus more on real-world projects, AI tools, and job-ready skills rather than theory ...

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