The Voynich manuscript has long been shorthand for the unsolved and the unknowable, a late medieval codex filled with looping ...

Abstract: Approximate string matching algorithms, which permit mismatched characters, are extensively employed in software featuring search tools, database management systems, and various applications ...

Abstract: Computer vision frequently applies background subtraction (BGS) as a core technique, particularly in fields such as surveillance, object detection, and motion analysis. The main goal of BGS ...